(VMware)ubuntu 环境下搭建docker环境

2022-03-09 作者: 逸少

本文主要讲述如何在win10系统上，使用vmware安装Ubuntu虚拟机，并搭建docker环境

版本约定

试验电脑系统为 Windows 10 专业版
VMware 版本为 VMware Workstation 16 Pro
Ubuntu 版本为 Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Docker 版本为 Docker version 20.10.6
docker-compose 版本为 docker-compose version 1.29.2

软件包准备

下载，笔者下载的版本是：VMware-workstation-full-16.1.1-17801498.exe
下载，笔者下载的版本是：ubuntu-20.04.2-live-server-amd64.iso

环境设置

由于笔者电脑之前安装了环境，开启了 Hyper-V 功能，因此在 VMware 中安装 Ubuntu 虚拟机时报如下的错误：

VMware Workstation 与 Device/Credential Guard 不兼容.在禁用 Device/Credenti

解决此错误可以按照中的方案进行设置，方可解决~

VMware workstation安装

VMware workstation的安装过程比较简单，网上的教程也比较多，笔者这边只讲重要步骤作详细阐述！

Ubuntu 虚拟机安装

创建新的虚拟机

选择典型(推荐)(T)配置即可

设置Ubuntu 镜像文件

设置用户名密码信息

设置虚拟机名称以及位置信息

设置磁盘相关配置，默认即可
选中创建后开启此虚拟机

开启虚拟机后虚拟机则开始进行安装设置过程，安装过程基本上可以按照默认设置安装，其中有两个比较重要的设置如下：

设置 server name、username

选择安装 OpenSSH server（方便后续使用ssh工具进行连接）

查看系统版本信息

yishao@yishao:~$ uname -a
Linux yishao 5.4.0-73-generic #82-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 14 17:39:42 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
yishao@yishao:~$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.4.0-73-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-019) (gcc version 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04)) #82-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 14 17:39:42 UTC 2021

Ubuntu 虚拟机设置

时区设置

执行 sudo tzselect，并按照提示选择对应的设置项

yishao@yishao:~$ sudo tzselect
[sudo] password for yishao:
Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly.
Please select a continent, ocean, "coord", or "TZ".
1) Africa                                                            7) Europe
2) Americas                                                          8) Indian Ocean
3) Antarctica                                                        9) Pacific Ocean
4) Asia                                                             10) coord - I want to use geographical coordinates.
5) Atlantic Ocean                                                   11) TZ - I want to specify the timezone using the Posix TZ format.
6) Australia
#? 4
Please select a country whose clocks agree with yours.
1) Afghanistan            10) Cyprus                19) Japan                 28) Macau                 37) Qatar                 46) Turkmenistan
2) Armenia                11) East Timor            20) Jordan                29) Malaysia              38) Russia                47) United Arab Emirates
3) Azerbaijan             12) Georgia               21) Kazakhstan            30) Mongolia              39) Saudi Arabia          48) Uzbekistan
4) Bahrain                13) Hong Kong             22) Korea (North)         31) Myanmar (Burma)       40) Singapore             49) Vietnam
5) Bangladesh             14) India                 23) Korea (South)         32) Nepal                 41) Sri Lanka             50) Yemen
6) Bhutan                 15) Indonesia             24) Kuwait                33) Oman                  42) Syria
7) Brunei                 16) Iran                  25) Kyrgyzstan            34) Pakistan              43) Taiwan
8) Cambodia               17) Iraq                  26) Laos                  35) Palestine             44) Tajikistan
9) China                  18) Israel                27) Lebanon               36) Philippines           45) Thailand
#? 9
Please select one of the following timezones.
1) Beijing Time
2) Xinjiang Time
#? 1

The following information has been given:

        China
        Beijing Time

Therefore TZ='Asia/Shanghai' will be used.
Selected time is now:   Sun Jun 13 20:26:30 CST 2021.
Universal Time is now:  Sun Jun 13 12:26:30 UTC 2021.
Is the above information OK?
1) Yes
2) No
#? 1

You can make this change permanent for yourself by appending the line
        TZ='Asia/Shanghai'; export TZ
to the file '.profile' in your home directory; then log out and log in again.

Here is that TZ value again, this time on standard output so that you
can use the /usr/bin/tzselect command in shell scripts:
Asia/Shanghai

创建时区软连接

yishao@yishao:~$ sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

执行时区生效命令

yishao@yishao:~$ timedatectl
               Local time: Sun 2021-06-13 20:28:42 CST
           Universal time: Sun 2021-06-13 12:28:42 UTC
                 RTC time: Sun 2021-06-13 12:28:41
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

hostname设置

查看当前hostname

yishao@yishao:~$ hostnamectl
   Static hostname: yishao
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 648933e419cc48babcfd31a53a7a6ad6
           Boot ID: b84f37318ebc436c96c4ece89ae920dd
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 5.4.0-73-generic
      Architecture: x86-64

设置hostname

yishao@yishao:~$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname node1
yishao@yishao:~$ hostnamectl
   Static hostname: node1
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 648933e419cc48babcfd31a53a7a6ad6
           Boot ID: b84f37318ebc436c96c4ece89ae920dd
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 5.4.0-73-generic
      Architecture: x86-64

查看/etc/hosts

yishao@yishao:~$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 yishao         #此处yishao需要修改为node1

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

设置新的映射

yishao@yishao:~$ sudo vi /etc/hosts

将/etc/hosts文件中原来127.0.1.1 yishao修改为127.0.1.1 node1，如下：

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 node1   # 新的映射

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

静态IP设置

修改/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml，设置静态IP

yishao@yishao:~$ sudo vi /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

将文件编辑为如下内容（addresses、gateway4、nameservers根据实际情况设置）：

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      dhcp4: false
      addresses: [192.168.57.131/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.57.2
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.57.2,114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8]
  version: 2

生效配置，并重启虚拟机

yishao@yishao:~$ sudo netplan apply
yishao@yishao:~$ sudo reboot

Docker 安装

Uninstall old versions

yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

Update the package index and install packages to allow to use a repository over HTTPS

yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get update
yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get install \
>     apt-transport-https \
>     ca-certificates \
>     curl \
>     gnupg \
>     lsb-release

Add Docker’s official GPG key

yishao@node1:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

Use the following command to set up the stable repository. To add the nightly or test repository, add the word or (or both) after the word in the commands below. .

yishao@node1:~$ echo \
>   "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
>   $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Update the package index, and install the latest version of Docker Engine and containerd, or go to the next step to install a specific version

yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get update
yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

执行如下命令配置镜像加速器（阿里）

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://9w2ypf5d.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

运行镜像，验证环境

yishao@node1:~$ sudo docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

看到如上输出，表示 docker 环境已经安装成功~

Docker 环境设置

添加当前用户到 docker 用户组，可以不用 sudo 运行 docker

yishao@node1:~$ sudo groupadd docker
yishao@node1:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker yishao

Docker-compose 安装

Run this command to download the current stable release of Docker Compose

yishao@node1:~$ sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

Apply executable permissions to the binary：

yishao@node1:~$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

Note: If the command fails after installation, check your path. You can also create a symbolic link to or any other directory in your path.

yishao@node1:~$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose

测试docker-compose环境

yishao@node1:~$ docker-compose --version
docker-compose version 1.29.2, build 5becea4c

看到如上输出，表示 docker compose 环境已经安装成功~

克隆虚拟机

经过以上步骤完整的Ubuntu虚拟机+docker环境已经安装设置完成，为了以后能够方便使用，建议对此VM镜像克隆备份,克隆有几个需要注意的地方如下：

克隆时请选择 创建完整克隆
克隆完成后请重新生成 MAC地址（重要）

后续可以根据实际需要重新设置静态IP和hostname

参考：